Identifies sequences pdf#
Identifies sequences code#

PulseNet is actively validating next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology as well as developing, evaluating, and implementing the tools needed to analyze the data. WGS will greatly improve the efficiency of how PulseNet conducts surveillance. Currently, the process to fully characterize bacteria requires two or more scientists to perform four or more separate tests including PFGE. Whole genome sequencing is a fast and affordable way to obtain high-level information about the bacteria using just one test. This has helped solve some outbreaks sooner. Using whole genome sequencing, we have found that some bacteria that appeared to be different using PFGE are actually from the same source. That is like comparing all of the words in a book (WGS), instead of just the number of chapters (PFGE), to see if the books are the same or different. Instead of only having the ability to compare bacterial genomes using 15-30 bands that appear in a PFGE pattern, we now have millions of bases to compare. Whole genome sequencing provides more detailed and precise data for identifying outbreaks than the current standard technique that PulseNet uses, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE). How will whole genome sequencing transform disease detection? The number of differences can tell the scientists how closely related the bacteria are, and how likely it is that they are part of the same outbreak. Data analysis: Scientists use computer analysis tools to compare bacterial sequences and identify differences.

Identifies sequences code#

The sequencer uses the bar code to keep track of which bases belong to which bacteria. The sequencer identifies the A’s, C’s, T’s, and G’s, or bases, that make up each bacterial sequence.

Whole genome sequencing: The bar-coded DNA from multiple bacteria are combined and put in the whole genome sequencer.This is similar to how a bar code identifies a product at a grocery store. DNA bar-coding: Scientists add small pieces of DNA tags, or bar codes, to identify which piece of sheared DNA belongs to which bacteria.DNA shearing: Scientists begin by using molecular scissors to cut the DNA, which is composed of millions of bases: A’s, C’s, T’s and G’s, into pieces that are small enough for the sequencing machine to read.Scientists conduct whole genome sequencing by following these four main steps: Whole genome sequencing is a laboratory procedure that determines the order of bases in the genome of an organism in one process. Determining the order of bases is called sequencing. If you know the sequence of the bases in an organism, you have identified its unique DNA fingerprint, or pattern. Each organism has a unique DNA sequence which is composed of bases (A, T, C, and G). The genome, or genetic material, of an organism (bacteria, virus, potato, human) is made up of DNA.

Identifies sequences pdf#

Download pdf icon What is whole genome sequencing (WGS)?